3/28/2023 0 Comments Coffee bean![]() ![]() It is usually cultivated at an altitude between 1,300 and 1,500 m (4,300 and 4,900 ft), but there are plantations that grow it as low as sea level and as high as 2,800 m (9,200 ft). arabica takes approximately seven years to mature fully, and it does best with 1.0–1.5 metres (39–59 in) of rain, evenly distributed throughout the year. arabica, dating from around 1880.Ĭoffea arabica accounts for 60% of the world's coffee production. The Wet Tropics Management Authority has classified Coffea arabica as an environmental weed for southeast Queensland due to its invasiveness in non-agricultural areas. Ĭoffee has been produced in Queensland and New South Wales of Australia, starting in the 1980s and 90s. In the Udawattakele and Gannoruwa Forest Reserves near Kandy, Sri Lanka, coffee shrubs are also a problematic invasive species. In some valleys, it is a highly invasive weed. It was formerly more widely grown than at present, especially in Kona, and it persists after cultivation in many areas. The coffee tree was first brought to Hawaii in 1813, and it began to be extensively grown by about 1850. The species is widely naturalised in areas outside its native land, in many parts of Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India, China, and assorted islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific. ![]() Coffea arabica is also found on Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya, but it is unclear whether this is a truly native or naturalised occurrence recent studies support it being naturalised. ![]() It has also been recovered from the Boma Plateau in South Sudan. It is commonly used as an understory shrub. Coffea arabica is today grown in dozens of countries between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. The seeds are contained in a drupe (commonly called a "cherry") 10–15 mm in diameter, maturing bright red to purple and typically containing two seeds, often called coffee beans.Įndemic to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia, Coffea arabica is now rare in Ethiopia, while many populations appear to be of mixed native and planted trees. The flowers are white, 10–15 mm in diameter, and grow in axillary clusters. Wild plants grow between 9 and 12 m (30 and 39 ft) tall, and have an open branching system the leaves are opposite, simple elliptic-ovate to oblong, 6–12 cm (2.5–4.5 in) long and 4–8 cm (1.5–3 in) broad, glossy dark green. This hybridization event at the origin of Coffea arabica is estimated between 1.08 million and 543,000 years ago and is linked to changing environmental conditions in East Africa. Specifically, Coffea arabica is itself the result of a hybridization between the diploids Coffea canephora and Coffea eugenioides, thus making it an allotetraploid, with two copies of two different genomes. Ĭoffea arabica is the only polyploid species of the genus Coffea, as it carries 4 copies of the 11 chromosomes (44 total) instead of the 2 copies of diploid species. Linnaeus placed it in its own genus Coffea in 1737. Coffea arabica is called بُنّ ( būnn) in Arabic.Ĭoffea arabica was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it Jasminum arabicum after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. Arabica coffee originates from and was first cultivated in Yemen, and documented by the 12th century. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean ( C. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffea arabica ( / ə ˈ r æ b ɪ k ə/), also known as the Arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. ![]()
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